There Is No Merit in Having Different Tracing Rules at Law and in Equity Free Essay Example, 2250 words

Mrs. Jones paid into that account a total of stlg11, 700 in the form of cheques to be drawn on the partner's account. Her business in the potato future was highly profitable and she received 50,760 in the form of cheques from the commodity brokers. She paid these cheques into a deposit account in which she was having a balance of 49,860. The trustee sued claiming this money arguing that he had legal title. The case went up to the court of appeal and the court held that the money in the call deposit account that remained was to be paid to the trustee in bankruptcy although this was the profit. Millet LJ in his view held that this was a proprietary claim and to him, money had not been mixed and hence property did not pass to Mrs. Jones. He held that money had and received action ought to be limited to that amount received but however, the trustee in this case did not make a proprietary claim other than a personal claim. Millet LJ seems to have reasoned that the plaintiff could stil l be able to identify the money in the defendant hands although she had already invested the money that she had received in from the commodity futures. We will write a custom essay sample on There Is No Merit in Having Different Tracing Rules at Law and in Equity or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page Jones had received 11,700 and that at the time of receiving the money, the plaintiff had title to that money. In the case that the court could have followed this reasoning, then it would definitely have been irrelevant to consider whether the trustee retained the property in that money after Mrs. Jones had received them.

Case study Stermon Mills case Essay - 1039 Words

What recommendation would you make to Mr. Kiefner? On what basis would you try to persuade him that your proposal is best for Stermon Mills? From my analysis it emerged that the best option for Stermon Mills Inc. is the Option 2, which is moving machine #4 to a one week cycle and run through the existing grades every week instead of every two weeks. The main reason that should convince Mr. Kiefner to look at reducing the cycle time is due to a customer requirement. Elly Ryesham, from the Sales Department, realized a straw poll of the sales force to understand what the most important things are for their customers. I have analyzed those results (see Exhibit 1) and converted the A,B,C†¦ grades to numbers (A+= 4.33, A=4, A-=3.66 and so on†¦show more content†¦There are two main potential issues with this approach. By reducing production lead times a company would likely increase manufacturing costs, but this increase should be leveraged by the increase in demand. The other issue would be the drop of the utilization rate by ten percent using this method. The key would be training the staff to implement faster change-times, which is not an impossible achievement. Due to this last potential issue, the ideal strategy that Stermon should adopt would be a combination of Option 2 (One cycle week) and Option 4 (Labor multi skilling). The Option 4 would definitively improve the effectiveness of the labor in the plant, and it would benefit the change over time reducing it. However, if we look at Saugoe’s notes about the combination of improvement plans we can appreciate that adopting Options 2 and 4 at the same time might cause a lot of discontent if people were asked to change over faster as well as performing multiple functions. Therefore we believe that going with option 2 alone is the best solution to Stermon’s problems. Option 1, doing a much broader range of basic weights would certainly satisfy those customers who value the customization and tailoring. However, the survey of sales force tells us that this requirement is not the top priority for Stermon at the moment, being after the responsiveness in delivery, a broader product line and having helpful and flexible sales people. Moreover,

Umok Free Essays

Evil Through Imagery It has been said for a long time that the only thing to fear is fear itself. It is easy to see that the boys become subject to their own illogical fears. In Lord of the Flies, by William Gilding, Imagery Is used to describe the Island and the characters themselves In dark and mysterious ways. We will write a custom essay sample on Umok or any similar topic only for you Order Now Imagery Is also used as a way for the boys to create the beast and make it external as well as internal. There are several instances in the novel where people are described using ominous language. When Jack and his choir are seen for the first time they are scribed as a ;creature†¦ Room throat to ankle, hidden by black cloaks† (19). The choir’s first Impression suggests that their purpose In the novel Is antagonistic In nature. Gilding’s imagery automatically Identifies the characters In story that are associated with the more evil aspects of human nature such as fear and violence. Later in the novel, it seems that the older boys only become worse, with fear growing in them like an uncontrollable weed. It is noticeable when Jack starts disguising himself â€Å"[looking] in astonishment, no longer at himself but at an awesome stranger†¦ He face of red and white and black† (63-64). In his slow submission to fear, Jack Is becoming another person entirely from the boy who Initially crashed on the island and It Is shown literally here by him painting his face and changing his identity. The fear created on the island, in the form of the beast, is exposing Jack for what he really is, which is demonic and wicked in nature. Gilding uses imagery often to describe the malicious intent of characters throughout the novel, but he does not only describe characters in this way. The island on which the boys are stranded on Is meticulously described in the kook and most of the words used to Illustrate It are grim at best. When Gilding describes where Piggy and Ralph first find themselves, he describes the ground as â€Å"covered with coarse grass, torn everywhere by upheavals of fallen trees, scattered with decaying coconuts and palm saplings. Behind this was the darkness of the forest proper and the open space of the scar. † (9-10). Already, the island, though it has done no wrong, is becoming a canvas on which Gilding can paint his picture of doom and despair. Small things, such as this, are described assiduously through the inure novel. This Is used to give perspective and show cause to why the boys do what they do, among a variety of other things, the boys are reacting to their environment which is portrayed with no less than a vulgar light. When the boys go on their first expedition, which results in them pushing a boulder over, â€Å"the forest further down shook as with the passage of an enraged monster† (28). Gilding describes the devastation of the forest like this with a purpose, he is alluding to the fear that later controls the boys, or the beast. The disturbance of the peace from the the scar. Simple items on the island are portrayed much more villainous than they actually are for the purpose of showing what the boys have done to the island by corrupting it’s innocence and peace with their naturally wicked human nature. The author makes use of both the image of characters and the setting of the island to show that humanity can turn anything into something foul, even a beautiful and untouched island. The imagery does not stop with the island and the characters, it also creates the very beast which leads to some of the characters downfall. When the twins first see he horrible beast they describe it as â€Å"furry. There was something moving behind its head-?wings. The beast moved too-? That was awful. It kind of sat up†¦ There were eyes-? Teeth-? Claws-?† (100). At this point in the novel, rational thinking has become scarce and is only really found in Piggy and Simon. Sam and Eric truly believe in what they saw and their grisly description only acts as a catalyst for the other boys descent into madness from the fear. Since Simon is not effected by the illusion of the beast, he understands that the beast is not real but the Lord of the Flies corrects him â€Å"Fancy hinging that the Beast was something you could hunt and kill!†¦ You knew didn’t you? † (143-144). Gilding’s imagery brought to life a character that is really Just the embodiment of the horror and destructiveness in the boys, revealing what the authors true beliefs about human nature are. Though, he does not seem to think that man kind is entirely uncontrollable. Simon is used as a beacon of hope and good intention. Simony’s death is also very unique, using light imagery to state how Simon was the only light in the darkness all along. Towards the end of the novel, the beast comes very real, more than Just a figment of the boys wildest and darkest fears. In conclusion, imagery describes human kind’s nature through the characters, the island, and of course the beast or fear in the boys. The scary images used in the novel make it very easy to see why the boys went against each other in the end, proving that humanity is it’s own worst enemy. Overall, the author’s opinion about human nature influenced every facet of the novel and how it was written, but of course the most obvious expression of Gilding’s opinion is seen in the imagery. How to cite Umok, Papers

An Overview of the Financial System

Question: How can the adverse selection problem explain why you are more likely to make a loan to a family member than to a stranger? Answer: The stock prices are directly linked with the capacity of the business to make investment in the business. The lower the share price for a firm that means the amount of funds raised would be less as the total collection from the investors will fall and thus the investment in the assets such as plant and equipment will fall and there will be a decrease in the funds cycle of the company. But it will be noticed that if the company has good fundamentals then the effect on the prices will not hamper the investment as the investors jump to buy at a lower price and the quantity would go up leading to the balancing property.The rise in the interest rates would surely effect the decisions of the business houses as well as the consumers as they will be more aware of the spending that are to be done from the borrowed funds. The business houses will decrease their investments plans and would try to cut down their investment expenditure during the phase of higher interest rates as well as the con sumers would be less likely to buy cars and houses because the cost of finance would be higher for them and hence they will not go for such investments. The rise of interest rates affects people in an opposite manner and all are not worse off with this rise. The payers are worried and the receivers are happy. So the ones that have an obligation to pay would be worse off as they have to pay at a higher rate but the ones that save are benefited as they will get higher rates for the same. Therefore it is a mixed effect on people due to the rising interest rates and not only worse off. If the dollar is costlier than the other currencies it implies that the buyers of the countries other than US will have to pay in dollars for which the foreign currency value will be much more and they have to pay higher of their local currency for the jeans so it will be costlier for them and hence they will prefer to buy the foreign jeans rather than the American jeans as it will be costlier to buy the American jeans for them. The US companies that manufactures jeans would be targeting the foreign customers and hence they will wish for weak dollars so that the buyers would find it cheap to buy the US jeans and if the dollar is strong it will impact the pockets of the buyers in a negative may and will not be suitable for them The company that import jeans into US from other countries would wish that the dollar remains strong so that it has to pay less of US dollars for importing the goods. If the dollar would be strong the outflow would be less and the imports would be cheaper. If there is a suspicion that the company will be bankrupt in the times to come then the investors would be interested to hold the bonds before the equity shares because the bonds would be redeemed prior to any other equity or capital. The equity holders are mostly paid the residues left paying off the other liabilities for the company. This statement is false. Prices in secondary markets determine the prices that firms issuing securities receive in primary markets. In addition, secondary markets make securities more liquid and thus easier to sell in the primary markets. Therefore, secondary markets are, if anything, more important than primary markets for the firms and there is no such thing that the secondary markets are irrelevant for the business houses. The allotment of loans plays a very important role in the credit rating system of the lenders. The adverse selection problems arise in the case of the people that are unknown to us and that are not in the case of unknown people. This is because you know your family member better than a stranger, you know more about the borrowers honesty, propensity for risk taking, and other traits. There is less asymmetric information than with a stranger and less likelihood of an adverse selection problem, with the result that you are more likely to lend to the family member. The rise of the limits of the amount of the loans that would be given to the customers for the insured loans would help the security to be sure for the amount of money lend by the banks as during the time of recession if the banks fail then it will be a loss so to insure that the customers bankruptcy does not affect bank the insured amounts were increased by the US government Answers 14 Year Cash flow PV (10%) 1 1100 1000 2 1210 1000 3 1331 1000 PV 3000 15 Years To Maturity 5 Yield To Maturity 6% FV of Bond 1000 $ 747.26 16 Year Cash flow PV(10%) 0 2000000 2000000 1 2000000 1886792.453 2 2000000 1779992.88 3 2000000 1502629.602 4 2000000 1366026.911 PV $ 85,35,441.85

Beethoven Evolution Of Music free essay sample

Examines 19th Cent. German composer as transitional figure between classical romantic periods. Form, structure, style, musical philosophy, focusing on [Eroica] symphony. Beethovens role as a transitional figure between the classical and romantic periods took several forms. In one sense, it was the composers mystique, based on nineteenth-century perceptions of Beethoven as the very type of the artist, that influenced other musicians, and the general reception of his works (Kerman and Tyson 392). We will write a custom essay sample on Beethoven Evolution Of Music or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In another sense, it was the increased freedom of personal expression in Beethovens music that exerted the greatest appeal for later musicians. Beethoven, for example, often wrote music that was openly autobiographical in a way that is unthinkable before 1790, but which struck a positive chord among the Romantics (Rosen 385). And, in a third sense, Beethovens influence had a purely musical side, as very few musicians of the Romantic era escaped his influence in technical respects (Kerman and Tyson 392). Thus, though most..

What You Dont Know About PETA

What You Dont Know About PETA Free Online Research Papers People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) has been described as the most successful radical organization in America. PETA seeks â€Å"total animal liberation,† according to its president, Ingrid Newkirk. That means no meat or dairy, no aquariums, no circuses, no hunting or fishing, no fur or leather, and no medical research using animals(People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals par.1).PETA makes nearly $30 million each year, raised from pet owners who think their donations actually help animals. PETA has been known to be a group of extremists who are all about protecting animals, often breaking into fashion shows to throw blood on fur-wearing models, liberating lab animals, or showing gory videos outside of fast food restaurants, but PETA has never been accused of hurting animals; that is until recently(Collinspar.6). In June 2005 two PETA employees were arrested on felony charges after they were caught dumping bags filled with dead dogs and cats in a dumpster behind a supermarket. When police caught the two PETA employees they found 18 dead dogs in plastic bags in the dumpster and 13 more dead dogs still inside the van. A box filled with syringes and lethal drugs was also discovered inside the van registered to PETA. An autopsy was performed on one of the dogs, and they found that it was healthy before it was killed (Cassingham par.1). PETA, who collects millions of dollars in donations by pretending to care for animals has killed 17,400 pets since 1998. PETA has been picking up the animals from North Carolina animal shelters, promising to find them good homes, and instead has been killing them at PETA headquarters and storing them in giant walk-in freezer, or euthanizing them in vans and tossing them into dumpsters (PETA kills animals par. 3-4). It seems to me that they would rather use their money on cheap publicity stunts, rather than finding the animals suitable homes. PETA has been known to be a bit radical. Ingrid Newkirk once said in The New Yorker, We are complete press sluts. In an effort to win more media exposure, PETA began to buy stock in restaurant and food companies that serve and sell meat. PETA’s goal as a shareholder is to economically cripple these companies, force them to increase the retail price of meat, and get consumers to begin eating less of it. Newkirk believes their radical tactics work for the organization. PETA has compared animal farmers to serial killers, have said that a shark attack on a little boy was â€Å"revenge† against humans who had it coming anyway, and have branded parents who feed their kids meat and milk â€Å"child abusers†. Im sorry, I disagree. I also think throwing blood on a fur-wearing model, stalking and harassing fast-food restaurant executives, and telling children that their mommys kill animals is not the best way to get someone to listen to you. Arson, property destruction, burglary and theft are acceptable crimes when used for the animal cause.- Alex Pacheco, Director, PETA. It seems to me that they would rather use their money on cheap publicity stunts, rather than finding the animals suitable homes (PETA sucks pg.1). Dont get me wrong, I love animals and dont believe in animal abuse but I just think it is ridiculous that these people put animals lives above humans. For example, Bill Maher once said, To those people who say, `My father is alive because of animal experimentation, I say `Yeah, well, good for you. This dog died so your father could live. Sorry, but I am just not behind that kind of trade off. Well Bill, If I had to kill a dog to save my own life or the life of someone that I love, you better believe I would do it. Let us hope that someday we do not have to use animals for medical research, but I would rather see a million rats die than 1 human. I have seen the devastation that cancer causes, I have seen the horror of a family member that died too soon. If animal experimentation can stop this then I am for it. It makes me sick to know that when Tom Regan was asked which he would save, a dog or a baby, if a boat capsized in the ocean, he said, If it were a retarded baby and a bright dog, Id save the dog, or that Alex Pacheco, director of PETA stated, We feel that animals have the same rights as retarded children. (PETA sucks pg.1). PETA regularly targets kids as early as elementary school with violent and graphic anti-meat and anti-milk propaganda. They do this without parental consent.PETA boasts of having â€Å"the largest youth membership of any animal rights organization,† with over 800,000 Peta members. PETA lures young children using graphic comic books, toys, schoolyard demonstrations, and send them e-mail alerts. PETA’s website for kids puts a skull and crossbones next to the logo of Disney’s Animal Kingdom and tells the horror story of a fast food restaurants. They also hand out trading cards to kids that tell them drinking milk will make them fat, pimply, flatulent, and phlegm-ridden(People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals pg.1). How dare PETA tell our children Your Mommy Kills Animals and hand them a comic with an obvious mother figure on the cover stabbing a bunny, or tell them that if they drink milk they will get fat! PETA preaches to people with facts against the milk industry such as, products made from cows milk are far from natural for humans and anything but humane for cows. Milk is obviously not killing anybody on a daily basis and cows are not dying from milking machines. PETA also believes that milk cows are given little living space. I dont think that a cow that was undergoing tremendous suffering could still be able to produce milk. What PETA says is obviously a myth. After more than 100 dead dogs were dumped in a trash dumpster over four weeks Adria J. Hinkle and Andrew B. Cook were arrested and charged with 21 counts each of animal cruelty, a felony that can carry prison time, along with littering and obtaining property by false pretenses. This is odd because they are members of this radical animal-rights group that opposes meat-eating, and are now on trial for the strangest of charges, killing animals. The group with 1.6 million supporters is now accused of tossing garbage bags full of euthanized cats and dogs into a Dumpster behind a Piggly Wiggly Supermarket. Jurors now have to decide whether Hinkle and Cook were providing humane deaths to animals or taking animals on the promise of finding them homes and secretly killing them. PETAs official count of animals they kill is 86.3 percent (The Truth about PETA par. 2). But if theyre going around picking up animals, killing them while they drive and destroying the evidence by dumping the bodies in the trash, how are those deaths being reported? My guess is that the actual percentage is much higher. The more I learn about PETA, the less I think of them, how dare they lecture anyone about the ethical treatment of animals. Cassingham, Randy. The Truth about PETA. This Is true.17 July 2005. Collins, Kristin. PETA foes salivate at cruelty trial. Lifestyle Magazine 24 Jan. 2007: 1. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals. Activistcash 31 Mar. 2008. PETAs Dirty Secret. PETA Kills Animals 31 Mar. 2008. What is PETA? PETA SUCKS 31 Mar. 2008. Research Papers on What You Don't Know About PETAGenetic EngineeringThe Spring and AutumnBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaCapital PunishmentDefinition of Export QuotasThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug Use

Structure of The Major Histocompatibiltiy Complex (MHC) Essay

Structure of The Major Histocompatibiltiy Complex (MHC) - Essay Example The functions performed by the complex are: binding of peptide fragments from invading pathogens and then displaying these peptide fragments on the cell surface so that it should be recognized by T-cells fro further degradation. MHC has got two unique properties, which make it difficult for any pathogen to evade immune responses in this way. These are:i) the MHC is polygenic: there are different varieties of MHC class I and MHC class II genes, hence every individual has got a set of MHC molecules with different ranges of peptide-binding specificities.ii) the MHC is highly polymorphic; there are multiple variants of each gene within the population as a whole. The MHC genes are, in fact, the most polymorphic genes known (Janeway 2001). It has become an important and more frequent clinical practice to replace diseased organs through transplantation. The response of the body to tissues with nucleated cells is more severe, as compared to blood transfusion containing anucleated RBCs, and it is the response of T-cells to highly polymorphic MHC molecules. This can be achieved by matching of the MHC type between donor and recipient that is not possible to 100%. (Janeway 2001) Previously rejected graft from a donor decreases the probability of acceptance of the second graft from the same donor to the same recipient and this response even earlier than the first set reject when body rejects it within a week time. This is again mediated by CD8 T cells, by CD4 T cells, or by both and at times even antibodies also become a part of this team (Janeway 2001). Matching donor and recipient at the MHC When donor and recipient differ at the MHC, the immune response, which is known as an alloreactive response as it is directed against antigens (alloantigens) that differ between members of the same species, is directed at the nonself allogeneic MHC molecule or molecules present on the graft. Most tissues contain predominantly MHC class I antigens. Once a graft is rejected due to presence of a particular MHC type, the second graft with the same nonself MHC molecule will also be rejected in a second-set response in a rapid manner. This is because of the frequency of T cells specific for any nonself MHC molecule that is very high, making differences at MHC loci the most potent trigger of the rejection of initial grafts (Janeway 2001). In human, HLA matching significantly improves the success rate of clinical organ transplantation but even it cannot in itself prevent rejection reactions. There are two main reasons behind this phenomenon: a) HLA typing is imprecise, owing to the polymorphism and complexity of the

Math Early Childhood Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Math Early Childhood - Essay Example It has voice instructions that guide users on what to pick before they touch the visible balloon for the bee to set off. Available at http://www.appolicious.com/education/apps/, this application is intended for early year teaching of math with the target age bracket being children between 1-6 years. It has shapes in both 2D and 3D and numbers between 1and 10 with numerous colourful flash cards to help children learn better through the stages. The app incorporates basic concepts of object comparison to help understand measurements among the target group. With the visible 3D shapes, kids can differentiate between the objects left and those taken to help develop their addition and subtraction skills. Also available at http://www.appolicious.com/education/apps, it has won several awards among the 2011 Silver Award by the Parents’ Choice Foundation. It invites kids to learn how to count, add subtract and sort in a park setting with its target users being between the ages of 1and 6 years. It has seven fun learning activities that start with swing numbers that help in counting rabbit swings up to 50, slide additions where a duck climbs on top of each slide as the user counts thereby learning how to make additions, Apple tree for subtraction where users learn how to subtract as Apples fall from a tree and picnic for counting where kids feed a hippo with the right food items just to highlight a fraction of the activities. The application has sufficient details with the all the required elements of a good app from the results of the evaluation. It has both operational variety and interest that stir user curiosity. The evaluation tool therefore awarded it optimum points with regards to accessibility, content and individualization. The three applications have a similar target group of between years 1 and 6 with the distinction n the mode of learning where the first app employs a bee and balloon, second uses shapes in 2D and 3D while the

Pre Calculus Mod 5 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Pre Calculus Mod 5 - Assignment Example f(X) =ex3 f '(x) = 3x2 ex3 d. f(X) =2X2 e (1-X2) r (x) = 2x2, r' (x) = 4x s(x) = e (1-X2) s' (x) = -2 e (1-X2) Applying product rule, f '(x) = 2X2-2 e (1-X2) + 4x e (1-X2) = -8x2 e (1-X2) + 4x e (1-X2) = (4x -8x2) e (1-X2) e. f(X) =5X e (12-2x) Let r(x) = 5x, r' (x) = 5 and s(x) = e (12-2x), s' (x) = -2 e (12-2x) f '(x) = 5x (-2 e (12-2x)) + 5 e (12-2x) f '(x) = -10x e (12-2x) + 5 e (12-2x) = (-10 + 5) e (12-2x) f. f(X) =100e(x8 + x4) f '(x) = 8x7 + 4x3e(x8 + x4) g. f(X) = e (200X-X2 + x^100) f '(x) = 200 – 2x + 100x^99 e (200X-X2 + x^100) 2. Find the derivatives for the following functions: a. f(X) = ln250X b. f(X) = ln (20X-20) c. f(X) = ln (1- X2) d. f(X) = ln (5X + X-1) e. f(X) = Xln (12- 2X) f. f(X) = 2Xln(X3 + X4) g. f(X) = ln (200X - X2 + X100) Solutions The derivative of the function y = ln x is obtained by d/dx (ln x) = 1/x. d/dx logex = 1/x, suppose y = ln x, then dy/dx = 1/x a. f(X) = ln250X log ab = log a + log b Therefore, the equation can be rewritten as f (x) = ln 250 + ln x d/dx ln 250 = 0 (derivative of a constant) d/dx (ln x) = 1/x Hence dy/dx = 1/x. b. f(X) = ln(20X-20) If y = ln u and u is some function of x, then dy/dx = u'/u If y = ln f(x), then dy/dx = f ' (x)/ f(x) Let u = 20x – 20 u' = 20 dy/dx = 1. u'/u = 20/(20x – 20) c. f(X) = ln (1- X2) Let u = (1- X2) Then u' = -2x dy/dx = 1. ... ln (12-2x) f ' (x) = 2x/ (12 – 2x) + ln (12-2x). f. f(X) = 2X ln(X3 + X4) Let r(x) = 2x, therefore, r' (x) = 2 Similarly, if s(x) = ln (X3 + X4), s'(x) = (3x2 + 4x3)/ (X3 + X4) Therefore, f ' (x) = 2x ((3x2 + 4x3)/ (X3 + X4)) + 2 ln (X3 + X4) g. f(X) = ln(200X - X2 + X100) u = ln (200X - X2 + X100) u' = 200 -2x + 100x99 f ' (x) = dy/dx = u'/u = 200 -2x + 100x99/ (200X - X2 + X100) 3. Find the indefinite integrals for the following functions a. f(X) = e6X = ? e6X dx = 1/6e6X + C b. f(X) = e (5X-5) = 5/2 x2-5x e (5X-5) c. f(X) = 5eX = ? 5eX dx = 5 ? eX dx = 5eX + C d. f(X) = 1/ (1 + X) = ln ?1 + x? + C e. f(X) = 5/X = 5 integral [1/x] dx = 5 ln ?x?+ C 4. Find the definite integrals for the following functions a. f(X) = e2X over the interval [2, 4] =Integral 42 [ e2x ] dx = [ 1/2 e2 ( 4) + C ] - [ 1/2 e2 ( 2 ) + C ] = 1/2 [ e8 - e4 ] b. f(X) = 2eX over the interval [0, 2] =Integral 20 [2eX] dx = [e2 + C] - [e0 + C] = e2 – e0 d. f(X) = 2/ (2 + X) over the interval [2, 5] Le t u = 2 + x, when x = 2, u = 2 + 2 = 4 and when x = 5, u = 2 + 5 = 7 = ln [?2 + x?] 52 = ln (7) – ln (2) e. f(X) = 10/X over the interval [3, 10] =dx = 10 integral [ 10 / x ] dx = 10 [ ln | x | ] + C, so Integral103 [ 10/ x ] dx = [ 10 ln | 10 | + C ] - [ 10 ln | 3 | + C ] = 10 ln 10 – 10 ln3 = 10 [ln10 – ln 3] Part2: Application of Calculus in Business Decision-Making Calculus is extensively used in making business decisions, which are critical for the success and survival of every business enterprise. Derivatives have wide applications in the business world. Derivatives are used to measure rate of change of a function in relation to the changes in variables (inputs) under focus. At some given value of an input, the derivative tells us the linear estimate of the function, which is close to

Principles of Health Social Care Practice

Principles of Health Social Care Practice Introduction: People who enjoy social care and service make enlarged risk of poormental health andbenefit. Around 4–500,000 social workers are regularly contacting with mentally ill people. To support and promote good mental health for the consumer of those services, all the staff of care services are working relentlessly. The common core principles to support better mental health and prosperity in adult social care, based on work by the Mental Health foundation has been published by Skills for Care. An immense framework for the social care workforce to serve harmonious high quality social care as well as support to promote the mental health and advancement of people who are facing lack of care and support have been outlined in the common core principles and two key areas. In these range this show people to well practice based on actual life, which explain how each of the ten principle and two key areas work. Services for the users to follow the opinion of the patient to reduce the risk and danger, and many social problems. And to promote awareness of the disease and to provide care and treatment to maintain confidentiality of service users in health and social care practice. Task 1: 1(a) Explanation of the principles of support are applied to ensure that individuals are cared for in health and social care practice Successful health and social care system is requisite according to principle. What does a principle stand for? Principles can be recapitulate as worthy rule guiding manner , consistent regulation of carriage according to vital law, to impress with a faith’, ‘afundamental part. For making health and social care settings auspicious support is mandatory. Good as well as perfect helping hand is the most effective matter for everyone to select the way of better health and efficient services. These are the most caring and beneficial offer for everyone. On certain it takes people for the disability of learning. Individually everyone is selecting according to their own preference. Somehow the disable people of learning are losing the opportunity and it is going away from them. To ensure the disable people to get the best possible care from supportive service is mandatory. Few governments are restlessly working behind the fact of support for the continuous welfare for the country man and country. Today, in Wales, services and support people are entitled to include home care help things like cleaning and shopping, insufficient tools and adaptations to your house, day centre’s to give you the least care at their best, day care for your children if either you or them are not able to look after them . Person’s health is another type of support which is related to the Social support and co-ordination. The effect of socialization works is a main and sometimes slighted cause for the success of psychotherapy and it is the most the most integral matter. On certain just having the feelings that there is someone to communicate andrelyon can help people overcomes their situation and it is more than effective than any other treatment. Having a greater social communication system, whether family, friends and neighbors make an immense of effective situation. 1(b) Outline of the procedure for protecting clients, patients, and colleagues from harm This outline is to help you to develop, execute and inspection policies and process for decrease the riskof harm to clients, patients and colleagues. An existing policy has been covered by the checklist of the pointed area ample. The outline should: Analyse the path we estimate, the risk of harm taking into risks from: †¢ Other clients, patients and colleague †¢ Internal problem †¢ Corporal surrounds †¢ The environment of services. †¢ The clients, patient and colleague themselves, to themselves and to other clients, patient and colleague, and to people beyond the system. Here is the explanation on how clients, patient and colleague are encouraged about the nook and corner about their safety and they will be protected. Having the list of emergency numbers. Securing first aid kits are available. Train other people about first aid kits Giving the guarantee of health issues such as hygiene and infectious illness. Providing sound, safe and protected environments for children. Carrying clear methods and response Point out the time of action. Showcasing of approval time. Showcasing the time of survey 1(c) Analyze of the benefit of following a person-centered approach with users of health and social care services   This study asked what service users start from the position Person-centered way of providing support and what is what gets. It fully recognizes the important relationship roles and responsibilities of family Service users and provide services to those in management. Public services Personalization, politicians, policy-makers have become fashionable for providers. This study is a timely reminder of the service users long, and the design has been discussed for a person-centered. Will change only Service to the people who rely on them are shaped like this. 1(d) Explanation of ethical dilemmas and conflict that may arise when providing care, support and protection to users of health and social care services Sometimes encounter situations in which workers care for them very contradictory. Care workers to maintain the organizational policies and wellbeing of clients all the time, but in some situations the rules they are not able to implement it to the essential. Moral dilemmas are built these kinds of situations. Sometimes conflicts between care workers and service user’s views, beliefs and cultures may arise. Health and social care services could be hampered by the conflict and may be affected by the quality of health and social care. A human adult, you have the right to take the law in his own decisions. Sometimes the service users are worthless as they sometimes decide to take shelter medicine. Him to take medication regularly in order to gain or return back to his normal life, his health is very important for gaining. On the other hand, care workers obey and respect the decision of the client is forced to. As a consequence, care workers face a moral dilemma. It refuses to accept the service user to the service to take care of his responsibilities as a service to users, although a care worker can’t help the service user. If some client care staff will be responsible. A client does not want to take medication; a care worker can’t force him to take medication, and are not always able to motivate his clients. Health and social care centers are very common in this kind of scenario. They do nothing and make it impossible for a client in front of them to die. Handling such kind of situation is very diffi cult. Health and social care workers to do nothing for them to just stand and are strongly against the moral values. Here is another proof of the moral problem. According to some people and not inhumane insulation is done. Others apply it to the patient suffering from emotional and psychological damage when. Task 2: 2(a) Implementation of policies, legislation, regulations and codes of practice that are relevant to own work in health and social care Care to ensure the best qualities of physicalstateand social care practice, the accomplishment of the policies, laws, regulations and codes of practice in parallelism with national and local policies and laws to consumer of the service is very weighty and cardinal. Rules and regulations must be followed at all times by the care laborers, so this job is very sensitive. It is the practice in accordance with the laws and codes, attributes are properly maintained to ensure that the management duties. Data Protection Act must be checked by the employees and the client does not have any right to reveal any important information, only the right person can ingress to the data under the Data Protection Act. Health Regulations (COSSH) Control of hazardous material regulations. It is only then that the use of chemicals and materials, this is guaranteed by law. Only the right person has access in Agents, detergents, and other chemical elements in the shelf, washed containers are locked at all ti mes. Unharmed place to storefulmination and other equipment, and has access to it is the only duty. Safety precautions are implemented or not must be verified properly by the employers properly. Imagination, Health and Social Care Board is the center of the warning signs to stick properly. Fire the way, always clean and mess free, it needs to be done by the present staff and workers.Different laws and regulations, policies, and will provide training and lectures are employers in their work, which is easy and risk-free enough staff on the law and policies. 2(b) Local policies and procedures can be developed in accordance with national and policy Requirements The policy must be clear and simple. Must be easy to clean and improve the effectiveness of the policy will be out of the confusion. The policy should have less delusion. National and local policies are reflected in the cultural sector which can be done by following the principals. There is variety of different organizations, so the policy is not suitable for every organization. Improvement of the quality of care and service need to be change in upcoming future policies, so they need to be flexible. Policies reflect the culture and work easy and comfortable, but in the opposite case the employee does not want to follow the rules and regulations of the employees are very interested in the rules and regulations to follow. Accurately and regularly need to supervise the policies and laws. Employers and law-makers to review the laws and procedures, and if it is necessary, they can upgrade those. 2 (C) The impacts of policy, legislation, regulation, and codes of practice on organizational policy and practice Organization policy law, practice policies, rules, regulations, and codes are important present. Providing guidelines it says that Policy and law, institutions will have to practice. Without reference to the law and the law of the organization, legal, health and social care center for which it is really difficult to formulate policy. Any violation of the rights of the individual, organizational policy, Law and practice in an organized, competent and ethical work environment, service users and staff will be made. The organizing principle of the organization without any serious conflict, it is very easy to use. It is the employee to work in accordance with the law to respect the law and acclimate employee’s helps. An employee fines or even anyone who breaks the law and regulations, will not leave him in his work. An employee is an employee of any laws and regulations to be confused about, then you can ask his superiors, and they will help him to get out of the dilemma. Both emp loyers and employees and the respective authority is obliged to obey and follow the rules and regulation and correct them or even anyone to take immediate steps to punish those who break the law. Task 3: 3(a) Theories that underpin health and social care Practice The theories are about health and social care practice. With attention to the individual needs of those theories, and various events and processes get priority. Service users, physical, spiritual, social, emotional, and mental fitness to promote healthy lifestyles and to achieve a high level, the theory helps to develop a plan. Maslow hierarchy of needs state that theory of health and social care. his theory, human needs are classified into different levels, and basic needs are put first. According to his theory, the bottom level is not met, a man to go to the next level. Physiological or physical demands of this theory are considered to be the most basic needs. Safety and security, love and belonging, self-esteem and self actualization is the next level. While planning for the care and services to a service user of this theory is applied. Other well-known theory of human growth and development, Help and Care is needed in a variety of different levels. Age, growth and development, th e care and services is changing. 3(b) Social processes impact on users of health and social care services To ensure the operatives of the resistance, cast and evolution of health and social care strategy considers the social processes. Having the same nature different cultures, different people react differently, to be effective, because it can be applied contrary in health and social. Perceiving the way people behave in a certain social processes are affected. , Drinking and smoking, unhealthy practices like the ones brought about by a group of peer pressure, people belong to and identify with. Tattooing and piercing, which involved the culture, and the needle of blood-borne infections in general. These risky practices are very much difficult to change in sudden notice as because their culture forces them to do so. The higher figure than the culture of others, may be the key to a specific workplace discrimination. Due to the cultural attributes, other than one service user may favor some of the care staff. All service users are treated equally and fairly, so the treatment should be illegal to create bias. 3(c) Effectiveness of inter-professional working Where is the link between health and social care practice and continuous basis, in collaboration with health care providers from other fields of work, inter-professional health care providers are called to work. Doctors, nurses, physical therapists, psychologists, respiratory therapists, health care assistants, nurse or health team should be involved in any of the efficiency of the plan of care, it can be included. On behalf of health and social care services across all guises of the users needs, and to work as a team of health workers in the facility, A persons lack of it, which makes the other person will be satisfied by the same field. It continued to plan for the care and services that help to reduce delays. Task 4: 4(a) Explanations of own role, responsibilities, accountabilities and duties in the context of working with those within and outside the health and social care workplace Services for the user to provide a supportive rehabilitative environment for a career’s role in health and social care setting, If a trust relationship with the career service users because most of the time is an important part of the process. For assistance, service users, careers responsibility to ensure it is as much as possible, because it is used to the career and the normal function and, depending on the clients autonomy. Career such as service user needs to make sure to monitor all the services supplied to clients, and the right is reserved and applied, is sure to be met. Performing our role, we are feeding, health and physical activities can meet the physical demands of the clients. Service users in health and social care facilities are filling our duty is to promote health and to ensure their health and safety. They believe that, they will be protected, if the clients physical, mental and financial interests remain same. 4(b) Contribution to the development and implementation of health and social care organizational policy Employees need to follow to ensure the smooth running of the system, the organizing principle of the organization is important. To reduce misunderstanding and misinterpretation, it is necessary to organizational policies are clear and blunt. They are primarily affected by it because of its contribution to the development and implementation of policies with the careers, will contribute a lot. Staff loyalty and adhere to the organizations policy, a good workforce, will be developed. It is a consequence of organizational policies and to change the policy of non- adaptation may or frequently, then its the principle of the non- adaptation is the main cause of the workers, it can help determine if the policy is reviewed and developed. 4(c) Recommendations to develop own contributions to meet good practice requirements We were the first to meet the requirements of best practice. General health council will learn enough knowledge about the code of practice. By learning the knowledge that we are adhering to the principles and values, or does not, then we can determine and evaluate ourselves and our performance. Dads concerns should be taken in the national and local policy. Organization set up by the health and social care practice and the general rules and regulations, as well as to maintain the law, it is mandatory for us. Next, we are involved in research. Training and fortify can improve ourselves in our practice. To the best of our fast-paced and dynamic to keep up with the changes, we have our own health and social care needs to be updated with current information, pertaining to the practice. Conclusion: No one is out of the risk of illness and the treatment and medications surrounding us and everyone have to visit the health and social care settings. Care workers are playing an important role for patients to overcome illness providing services to users of the service. Care staff must follow the guidelines and regulations of the organization, and to be aware of their responsibilities. Inter-relationships between the service providers remain all the time as long as they provide service. This care service providers and government organizations with the government and other health and social care settings work together, both will work together in a variety of diseases and hazards can be reduced to the society.

Dream :: essays research papers

DREAMS Theories attempting to explain the origin and functions of REM sleep include: (1) that REM sleep provides stimulation for the development of the brain; (2) that it performs a chemical restoration function, since during REM dreaming neuro-protein synthesis occurs along with the restoration of other depleted brain chemicals; (3) that it provides oculomotor (eye movement) coordination, since during non-REM sleep the eyes move independently of each other; (4) that it provides a vigilance function, since REM sleep (stage I) is characterized by a level of consciousness close to the awakened state; (5) in a more recent and controversial theory, REM dreaming performs a neurological erasure function, eliminating extraneous information build-up in the memory system; and (6) that, in a more cognitive psychological explanation, REM dreaming enhances memory storage and reorganization. Contrary to popular belief, dreaming is not caused by eating certain foods before bedtime, nor by environmental stimuli during sleeping. Dreaming is caused by internal biological process. Some researchers have proposed the activation-synthesis hypothesis. Their neurological research indicates that large brain cells in the primitive brain stem spontaneously fire about every 90 minutes, sending random stimuli to cortical areas of the BRAIN. As a consequence, memory, sensory, muscle-control, and cognitive areas of the brain are randomly stimulated, resulting in the higher cortical brain attempting to make some sense of it. This, according to the research, gives rise to the experience of a dream. Now, as in the past, the most significant controversy centers on the question of whether dreams have intentional, or actual personal, meaning. Many psychotherapists maintain that while the neurological impulses from the brain stem may activate the dreaming process, the content or meaningful representations in dreams are caused by nonconscious needs, wishes, desires, and everyday concerns of the dreamer. Thus, such psychotherapists subscribe to the phenomenological-clinical, or "top-down," explanation, which holds that dreams are intentionally meaningful messages from the unconscious. The neurological, or "bottom-up," explanation maintains that dreams have no intentional meaning. In between these two positions is an approach called content analysis. Content analysis simply describes and classifies the various representations in dreams, such as people, houses, cars, trees, animals, and color, though no deep interpretation is attributed to the content. Differences in content have been discovered between the dreams of males and females, and between dreams and occurring in different developmental stages of life. What these differences mean is under investigation. Some recent research seems to indicate that dream content reflects problems that the dreamer experiences in life, and that the function of such dreams is to facilitate the emotional resolution of the problems.

Definition Paper- Beauty Is Not in the Eyes of the Beholder

UC-110 31 October 2012 Beauty What does it mean to have beauty? What is beauty really? Questions like these can be explained through the definition of beauty. The problem is that beauty in today’s society has acquired multiple meanings. How many times has one heard the phrase, beauty is in the eyes of the beholder, or how about, beauty is on the inside? These happen to be common misconceptions. The true definition of beauty is ironically hidden behind a mask of deception. Glancing through history brings to light the harsh reality of what beauty was and still is today.Individuals need to look beyond the common myth that beauty is merely subjective. Beauty is a perceptual quality that is a product of innate human design. Love it or hate it, from the moment you opened your eyes, beauty was already defined. Going back in time and reviewing the evolution of beauty demonstrates the definition, as well as disproving beauty is merely subjective. The Darwin theory of beauty is scientif ic evidence that there is a reason for universal aesthetic pleasure.Dennis Dutton, a scientist and philosopher states, â€Å"Beauty is an adaptive effect in which we extend and intensify in the creation of works of art and in the identification of human beings. † Dutton pronounced this statement after studying the universality of beauty across a wide range of topics. It is impossible that humans all perceive the same qualities as unique and aesthetically pleasing when we live in such diverse places. Sexual evolution plays an important role in defining beauty as a product of innate human design. The peacock for example contains beautiful feathers that in no way help with basic survival.However, the peahen is extremely attracted to the peacock because of its feathers, they are aesthetically pleasing. The peacock proves that mammals are born with qualities that bring about pleasure rather than survival. Humans are in this category with mammals. Humans contain symmetrically pleas ing elements that have little to do with survival. These elements are what prove that beauty is innate. Beauty may have scientifically evolved into what individuals perceive it as today, but the aspect of science has been removed from the concept itself.Confidence is another concept that finds itself in the same position as beauty. Confidence, by society has been changed to be a quality in which anyone can radiate through their â€Å"swag. † In reality, just like beauty not everyone can radiate confidence. Christopher Cardoso reported, â€Å"Confidence and positive self-image is just a balance of hormones. Oxytocin is responsible for what a lot of us think is confidence around our peers. † Beauty is the same way, â€Å"It turns out standards of beauty are not only the same across individuals and cultures, they are also innate.We are born with the notion of who’s beautiful and who’s not† (Satoshi Kanazawa). In fact studies have shown that infants (w ho have had no environmental exposure) stare at the faces of adults that are considered beautiful by other adults longer than those who are not considered beautiful. An infant is incapable of developing perceptual knowledge based on its environment about what is aesthetically pleasing. Without determining the effects and causes of this definition, it would be unjust to define beauty as a perceptual quality that is a product of innate human design.Models starve to be perceived as beautiful, while others make a living on determining who will be considered aesthetically pleasing. The society in which we live in from Australia to the United States all puts beautiful people and items on a pedestal. Unfortunately, because beauty is not in the eyes of the beholder, people will search their whole lives to become roles in society that require beauty. Devoted to a lost cause, some will never be successful. Beauty has become an industry of manipulators that try to prove to those who were not b orn with the innate quality of beauty that synthetic things can get them there.In societies that can sometimes over look individuals’ feelings and emotions, a scientific definition of beauty might appear harsh. This explains why alternate definitions have shown prevalence, with beauty as a subjective concept. As it can be useful to define beauty in terms of the â€Å"beholder,† it is more important to recognize a definition that is scientifically proven. It is important that individuals can accept that beauty is in fact a perceptual quality, but one that is a product of innate human design. Works Cited Cardoso, Christopher. â€Å"Hormone Oxytocin Nasal Spray Makes People More Sociable and Confident. IsaA? de. N. p. , 5 Oct. 2012. Web. 27 Oct. 2012. . Denis Dutton: A Darwinian Theory of Beauty. Perf. Denis Dutton and Andrew Park. TED Conferences, LLC, n. d. Seminar. TED: Ideas worth Spreading. Web. 24 Oct. 2012. . â€Å"Psychology Today: Health, Help, Happiness Find a Therapist. † Psychology Today: Health, Help, Happiness Find a Therapist. N. p. , n. d. Web. 05 Nov. 2012. .

Harriet Elizabeth Beecher Stowe essays

Harriet Elizabeth Beecher Stowe essays Harriet Elizabeth Beecher Stowes novel, Uncle Toms Cabin, became the single most important piece of antislavery literature in American history. Readers all across the North were captivated by it. The novel sold three hundred thousand copies the first year following its publication, and went on to sell over two million copies in the next ten years. Harriets work was so popular that it became the best-selling book ever. More importantly, the book raised peoples awareness of the terrible injustice of slavery. It convinced countless Northerners to join the abolitionist movement. Some historians claim, that by making people in the North less willing to compromise on the issue of slavery, it helped cause the Civil War. In fact, President Abraham Lincoln once called Harriet Beecher Stowe The little lady who wrote the book that made this big war. Harriet was born on June 14, 1811, in Litchfield, Connecticut. She was the seventh of thirteen children; eleven of whom survived childhood. Harriet was born to a fiery Puritan minister, Lyman Beecher and her mother; Roxanna Foote Beecher was a gentle and well-educated woman. Her mother died of tuberculosis when she was four years old. Harriet, known to her family and friends as Hatty, was a small girl with lots of energy and a playful sense of humor. She loved to read and became a very good student. After winning prizes for her essays as a student at Litchfield Academy, she dreamed of becoming a famous writer. She was particularly close to her younger brother, Henry Ward Beecher, who eventually became a famous preacher like his father. Another important influence was her older sister, Catherine Beecher, who helped raise her after their mother died. Catherine held progressive views about the role of women that were unusual for that time. Believing that women should have the same edu cational opportunities as men, she opened a school for girls in Hartford, Conn...

Genealogical Historical Documents at Footnote

Genealogical Historical Documents at Footnote The Bottom Line Important historic documents from the U.S. National Archives are now making their way online due to an agreement with Footnote.com. Digitized copies of documents such as Revolutionary War pension records and Civil War service records can be viewed and even annotated through what is possibly the best image viewer Ive seen on the Web. You can also create free personal story pages to track your research or share your documents and photos. Search results are also free, although youll have to subscribe to view, print and save most of the actual document images. In my opinion, Footnote.com is a bargain for the money. Pros One of the best image viewers Ive seen for accessing images onlineOffers access to millions of historic documents previously unavailable onlineThe ability to annotate and/or add comments to any individual document page7-day free trial available Cons Requires the lastest version of Flash. In some cases, the site wont even load without it.No soundex search. Some advanced search features are available, but not obvious.No FAQ or easy answers to support questions such as the Flash issue.Many document series are still in progress Description Over 5 million images of historical American documents and photos from the 17th, 18th, 19th and 20th centuries.Records include: Revolutionary Civil War pension service records, state naturalization records and case files of the FBI.Annotate, comment, print and save digital document images.Story pages allow you to create a simple Web page with point and click editing.Upload and post your own historical documents for free.Under the nonexclusive agreement, Footnotes images will be available on the National Archives Web site after five years. Guide Review - Footnote.com Footnote.com allows you to search and view over 5 million digitized documents and photos from American history. Members can view, save and print the documents they find. A nifty feature allows you to highlight a name, place or date and add an annotation. Comments can also be added to post corrections or add additional information for anyone else who views the same image. The image viewer works as quickly and seamlessly as any Ive seen, and the jpeg images are of very high quality. Since many of the titles are in progress, I recommend that you use the Browse by Title feature to view the full description of the each document series, as it includes a nice completion status feature. Titles and documents are being added quickly and regularly, however. If you have a problem with the site loading slowly, be sure you have downloaded the latest version of Flash player for your browser. This usually fixes many such problems. Simple search is just that - simple. You enter search terms and then choose whether to search across all documents, or within a specific document set, such as PA Western Naturalizations. There is presently no soundex search, but you can narrow the search by document type, such as across all naturalization records, or within a particular title (first browse to the document subset you wish to search, and then enter your search terms). Advanced search hints can be accessed by clicking on the ? next to search. Footnote.com has the framework in place to be one of the most flexible and user-friendly sites on the Web for American genealogists. Once they add more records (and there are many in the works), upgrade the search feature, and do some tweaking, it has the potential to be a 5 star site. Despite being a newcomer to the world of digitized historic documents, Footnote has definitely risen the bar.

Sustainability in america Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Sustainability in america - Essay Example Decrease in the availability of resources prevents anticipated growth of various economies meaning that sustainable development is a prerequisite to economic growth. The changing interest of consumers is also one of the good indicators revealing necessity of sustainability within economic growth (Figge, 2005). Sustainability is defined by considering conditions through which countries view production and manufacturing processes in relation to products, such perception leads to increased production based on responsibility. Organizations are currently considering the act of being strategic towards sustainable development while at the same time making choices on lucrative processes capable of contributing positively towards more sustainable society (Figge, 2005). The aim is to avoid the risks associated with destruction and at the same time pursue profitable dynamics. In developed nations many dynamics affecting quality of life such as the environment are not possible to measure using m arket dynamics. This is since there is possibility that ensures such parameters lose value in the occurrence of economic growth. Therefore, any initiative of sustainable development should encompass the three dimensions of environmental, economic and social aspects. There is rapid growth in environmental problems all over the world which could be attributed to rapid increase in population growth making a lot of strain within the environment as well as natural resources. Several domains contribute to environmental degradation some of which include; industrial pollution, deforestation, land degradation and urbanization amongst others. There is eminent overexploitation of the country’s resources making environmental pollution one of the biggest threats facing life on the planet earth today. Statistics given by World Health Organization Estimates that about two million people die every year out of air pollution besides those who suffer ailments and diseases caused by the same. Th e twentieth and twenty first centuries recorded considerable growth in environmental degradation activities (Figge, 2005). Part 1: How does the environmental policymaking process work? Policy making process in America depends on society’s desire for change. Every legislative action must gain public support since such action boosts political incentives within development plan. Public support can be obtained through organized groups and media. Policy cycle in the United States begins with proposal on a course of action, which is followed by law enactment and finally various actions capable of providing successful implementation of the law. Re-evaluation of the policy takes place after quite some time for purposes of assessing whether it has achieved intended goals, costs and if any change is necessary. Major environmental regulators in the US include; EPA, Interior department, USDA and Fish and Wildlife service (Figge, 2005). Organizations around the world are required to meet the needs of their current consumers without jeopardizing the ability of other generations to efficiently meet their needs. Organizations are required to adopt responsible policies for their operations following the nature of impact it can have on the entire society. At the same time there is need for business corporations to apply principles of sustainability in all their business operations. Such activities reflect organization’

Heracles In Euripides Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Heracles In Euripides - Essay Example Hatred allowed the violence that followed toward Lycus. The madness that overtook Heracles is a weakness of the mind. The mentally ill today are treated like villains for having a mental condition. The killing of his family certainly would make Heracles a villain by current standards. Finally, Heracles was a villain for threatening to commit suicide, but then backing out. No one likes a quitter. Today’s standards would paint Heracles as a villain. Heracles put the needs of Theseus over his family allowed Lycus an opportunity to attack. Today, more marriages suffer from either the man or woman’s friends coming in between them. Theseus was rescued from Hades, but Heracles unknowingly sacrificed his family. Being with a friend, instead of a spouse or family is selfish. When an individual is out helping a friend, but tragedy strikes their family the man can be considered a villain then and now. During the setting of this play, Heracles can been seen as a hero. He saved Theseus from Hades. It is heroic to save a friend from hell, figuratively and literally. Heracles battled for his friend’s soul. Sacrifice for one’s friend is a virtuous act. For saving a friend during the play’s setting, Heracles was a hero at that time. The sight of Heracles’ family in death masks were overwhelming for him emotionally. Love for his family incapacitated him. After finding out Lycus took power and captured his family hatred took over. Love made Heracles act quickly without thinking. The first thought of killing Lycus was barbaric. Violence should never be the answer. If this had happened today, Heracles would have been put in jail. Villains use violence. Sometimes it takes a hero to stop the violence. Heracles was not that hero. A long time ago Heracles would have been considered a hero for killing his family’s attempted assassin. Justice was given by men, not courts back then. Protecting his father and wife would have been a

Gilmans Theory and Women in Patriarchy vs. Marxs Theory and Workers in Essay

Gilmans Theory and Women in Patriarchy vs. Marxs Theory and Workers in Capitalism - Essay Example Although Gilman claimed to be a humanist, she practically worked extensively to give modern feminism ample sociological grounds (Ritzer 2011; Allen 2009). Research Question Compare and contrast Gilman’s theory as to the oppression of women in patriarchy with Marx’s theory as to how and why workers are oppressed under capitalism. What similarities do you see in their arguments? What are the differences in these two theories of oppression? Gilman’s Theory and Women in Patriarchy Gilman’s most effective and powerful scholarly work in the realm of gender and sexuality studies are perhaps her famous book Women and Economics: A Study of the Economic Relation between Men and Women as a Factor in Social Evolution (Gilman 1898). In this work, she has critically utilized Darwinism in a more socially constructive way and attempted to explain the intricacies of relationships between man and woman. She raised a question about not only the origins of humankind but also about the origins of gender roles, so as to find out that why domestic duties have been specified for women in general in all cultures and societies. She formulated an economic explanation of domestic economy. According to Gilman (1898), traditionally a woman was subjugated to use her sex organs as assets; on which she could further bank to impress her husband and get money to support herself and her children. So marriage is actually an arrangement of both sexual and economic subjugation of women in the male-dominated society. Relatively recently, scholars like MacKinnon (1982) also appear to be endorsing a similar perspective by claiming that women’s sexuality is not women’s own. Marx’s Theory and Workers in Capitalism According to Marx, the industrial capitalist society is clearly divided into two classes, where one class controls the means of production and the other class serves as workers. Oppression arises from the fact that the state becomes a managing co mmittee of the holders of the means of production. And in answering the question that why the workers are finally at the losing side, Marx holds that lack of political organization coupled with a powerful capitalist police state is responsible for the fact that the workers are finally at the receiving end of the system. (Brown 2012; MacKinnon 1982) Consequently, the working class is subjugated both politically and economically. The working class has to work hard and produce all the goods and products necessary for modern society. But they are so occupied with their economic plight that they are compelled to tolerate underpayment and injustice. In this way, they are alienated from their products and the surplus is accumulated by the rich landlords and factory owners.

Guns, schools and criminal minds Essay Example for Free

Guns, schools and criminal minds Essay Due to a massive shootings events in the last years, we, the people have been wondering Is it a good idea to have guns in our childrens school? Ive always believe that schools are the safest places in the world, until December 14, 2012, when 20 years old Adan Lanza fatally shot twenty children and 6 adult staff members at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Connecticut. Now, do you feel safe when leaving your child at school? and, would you agree in sending your children off to a place full of guns? David Thweatt, superintendent of schools in Harrold, Texas, described how his small rural district implemented a plan to allow some staff members to carry concealed weapons in addition to other security members. Mr. Thweatt emphasizes that they are at least half-hour away from closest law enforcement ofï ¬ cials, they believe that they have done everything possible to protect their children. This plan is called The Guardian Plan. Many people think that the world without guns would be a world at peace, this people claim that they love their children enough to not want them to go to school prisons. Plenty of new issues can emerge while teachers carry guns, who is going to protect them if a teacher lose control? Different opinions say that having an armed staff of educators will only increase the problem, they think that bad people are the problem and government should focus on create better and smarter solutions to keep bad people off to schools. According to teachers, they feel offended when someone scoff the idea of a teacher being trained to use a ï ¬ rearm, they already have much to deal with, such a crowd control, conï ¬â€šict resolution, and maintain order amidst chaos. Unfortunately, Mr. Thweatts is not very popular on educators†¦ However, a job as a teacher does not require to be armed, they have enough responsibilities to in addition put the weight of carrying a ï ¬ rearm over their shoulders. These money may well be used to buy books, pencils, electronic equipment, to keep classes that have been suspended due to lack of income, and some other needs that we all know most school have. On the other hand, the tragic situation in Sandy Hook Elementary has changed many peoples mind. Having a good guy adequately trained would be a great way to keep terrorist off schools and most important to keep children safe. As long as all the staff involved had passed all different kind of tests, it should be an idea to considerate. We need immediate solutions, and since NRA will always support our gun culture, and acquiring a gun has only became easier we need something that work, something that give us peace every time we leave our kids at school. The Guardian Plan may be our best bet to avoid, and be aware of catastrophic act of terrorist. At the same time that I believe guns against guns are only more death and danger, I also believe that we are not in a position to decline systematized plans that will keep our children protected. Many people might believe that the children would be living on the edge while being in a guns environment, for now, and until our society shows progress, I will be strongly agree with the idea of having schools prepared to any kind of terrorist attack.

Maritime Shipping Industry in Mozambique Digital Marketing

Maritime Shipping Industry in Mozambique Digital Marketing Research question: how does digital marketing can attract and retain customer for the maritime shipping industry in Mozambique? This era of digitalization have been proven to bring more opportunities to companies, especially nowadays where companies are running to a race to the data and the information and in the same time new ways to attract customers and retain them. One might think that Shipping companies are not able to get those opportunities since the area seems close to this technology. However, our data revealed that Even Mozambican shipping companies can indeed profit of the digital marketing in order to attract and retain customer this is in line with the finding reported by (Efthimios Poulisaà ¢Ã‹â€ -, Konstantinos Poulisb and Lawrence Dooleyc 2013) they stated that Information communication technology (ICT) and Internet technologies not only have the potential to facilitate inter-organisational collaboration and communication but also offer organisations the potential to disrupt how their industry delivers value across its supply chain. Despite the lack of infrastructure and the decision maker reported by Mr Issa Baluch who stated that Evangelista, P., Sweeney, E. (2006). Technology usage in the supply chain Shipping companies in Mozambique has the possibilities to gain profit from digital marketing because a company should challenge itself to be creative and stay more competitive especially in the shipping industry , being innovative lead a company to face competition and gain from any economic growth , this is in line with the finding reported by (Jenssen Randoy, 2006) who stated Theory suggests that the ability to innovate is one of the most important factors for survival, competitiveness, economic growth and profit in individual shipping companies. With the impact of digital marketing, now companies can perform well with the use of selected social media, indeed platforms such as Facebook, twitter, Instagram, are well known for their freedom to accessing and engaging with customers, because there is not intermediaries between the customers and the company, this is also in the line with the findings reported by Zsolt, K, Miklos, S (2014) claiming that Maersk Line garnered over 1 million fans on Facebook, 40,000 followers on Twitter, and 22,000 on Instagram. They also launched and became active on other social media networks such as LinkedIn, Pinterest, and Google+ and created a social media home base for Maersk Line called Maersk Line Social that published articles and stories about the company in a less formal manner The example about Maersk can lead shipping companies in mozambique that any kind of companies has his chance when it comes to digital marketing, and the abilities of reaching ,engaging with customer and make profits of it depends on the faculty of a company to invest themselves in the digital marketing and get to master in order to get more profits and stay competitive in a higly competitive sector. the benefit of the use of digital marketing for the maritime shipping companies The data and information we have gathered from our interviewed and the respondents of our survey questionnaires all agreed about the fact that shipping companies can really benefit from the digital because firstly because its a company in the first place and secondly digital marketing is a tool that can allow companies to get more attention from customers. This coincide with the findings of loredana (2015) , he stated that many companies are interested to increase the use of the content marketing tool in their marketing policy, as they notice the limitations of the traditional marketing communication strategy, as well as the huge opportunities brought by digital marketing Many companies are indeed interested by the digital marketing as a an alternative tool from the traditional marketing but in order to run perfectly in the shipping industry, digital marketing must be used in a certain environment, Mr Issa Baluch stated that In a holistic environment, when I say holistic, I am incorporating the part of digital marketing in all the scheme of digitalization then its very important to attract and retain customer in the industry. In isolation, just doing this without digitalizing the rest of the supply chain in the company, I think its a problem and the problem is they must be a link between marketing, operations, finance. In our research weve discovered that most companies are afraid of digital marketing, this fear comes from two reasons, the first one is a generation , most shipping companies , the biggest one are in the area for a long time and for those who managed to survive without digital marketing, is hard to think that tool can bring so much opportunities. The second reason is some companies have a passive attitude toward digital media and they do the least effort just to be in the trend of digitalization and not actually invest themselves more in the process, companies are either not aware of what happens in the digital world or they just dont want to influence or redirect their current strategy, this is in line with the finding from (Jenssen, J.I., Randoy 2006) it stated that companies know that they can enhance their performance with the digital marketing but dont want to and dont wish to. In the same time, it can show that companies are afraid of the competition when it comes to digital marketing, they prefer adopting a passive attitude toward technology and also make less profit , because they dont want the competition to benchmark their strategy and do the same thing. There is a conflict here between being innovative technologically and attracts more customer and in the same being productive and competitive , and dont allows another companies to grasp their way to communicate and make profit , the best way is to say at a minimum level and keep his objectives too at the minimum. However regarding this matter, Mr Issa Baluch stated that as the history as taught us, those who have embarked on digitalization in other countries, they have been able to particularly retain customers because you have customer data bank, you have them hook at you, you can service them and its easy to gage the plus and the minus because they are with you We can say that digital marketing should be considered as a mean to gain visibility and attraction, it allows companies to be more efficient in his desire to attract more people in his whole vision and retain them with his philosophy and service. So we can say that the tool itself digital marketing can be beneficial to shipping companies in order to reach customers, after that step companies should capitalize on that attraction by using promotion of his services and advertising , in order to those opportunities to be well managed especially in the maritime area , digital marketing must be used into all the departments of a company in order to create a whole ecosystem, allowing customers to be followed on each step they pursued while reaching a company for his services, we are talking here from the marketing perspective, the finance perspective and the actual service. Now regarding the Mozambique, Digital marketing can be beneficial for the maritime shipping companies in Mozambique however before managing to capitalize on this attraction and retention, Mozambican companies must know how to use it, in order to get full advantages of what he can offer as opportunities. When we talk about opportunities, we refer to adjective, such as competitiveness, brand awareness etc. that allow companies to be on the edge of the technology and be more competitive with others companies. Regarding Africa and especially Mozambique, digital marketing can indeed be beneficial for the maritime shipping companies especially for the main reason that it can be handled online dont fully required a premium infrastructure at least in the beginning to perform, especially for platform such as ecommerce which is well spread around the country adding to that features related to online application such as online payment. However the limits can come quite rapid and the need of a required infrastructure in order to perform in a higher level. This kind of issue could be fixed by the willing of the Mozambique on the edge of technology and stay competitive. Mr Issa Baluch stated that Ecommerce in general is taking off, and its very big in other countries but in Africa it is wanted, it is still crippling, the reasons are the laws are not yet in part of the development We can considered that factor as a lack of taking advantage of an actual online potential for maritime companies and for the country as well. Shipping companies can benefit from the digital marketing in Mozambique, since digital is still considered a new tool, it requires investment, learning and mastering in order to perform well and get results wanted by companies. Weve discovered through our research that social media is one of the features of digital marketing that are the most used , communication through platform such as Facebook, YouTube and Instagram Digital marketing profit of the technological advantage on being able to use data to specify and targeted a customer need thanks to the data collection provided by those platform using complicated algorithm in order to be specific on what a customer really want to be satisfy in terms of product and services. The digital marketing can enhance and be profitable for the shipping company and industry if its implemented Through our research , weve discovered that companies have some reluctance to implement digital marketing in their marketing strategy , weve also discovered that these factors are from two origins : a generational issue, long time companies are afraid to reveal informations of their company because of the competition or simply because of the easy access of the information nowadays, sensible information can be leaked or competitors can take advantages of a flaw discovered online , finally they dont think its worthy. The second origin is due to a passive way to not get fully advantage of the digital marketing and in the same time , they dont have the requirements in order to master the knowhow, indeed digital marketing even though it seems to have simple features, it requires learning and mastering to perform well. Our main finding is that customers are the backbones of maritime companies, because it allowed them to be more creative and renew themselves regularly this is in line with the finding stating To understand a company and its products, consumers need to know what type of company they have to do with, as well as what values are associated with it and how its employees come to meet the customers needs (Denning 2011, 47) The customer orientation is a highly a discussed issue in the logic that shipping companies are not different from others companies from others sectors in the fact that they need customers to survive and their efforts should be directed customers of the maritime shipping companies. Customer orientation for the shipping company is an important matter because it defines their strategy and in term of digital marketing that can be also seen as a limit due to the fact that some companies are so eager to please their customer that it can influence their strategy in the end. However since customer orientation is different from the complexity of each customer, betting on please customers that way, can jeopardize the image of a company and sometimes there is no turning back to this kind of situation. Our finding reveal that companies that have a digital marketing face tend to attract more customers than the others companies which dont. Internet technologies are indeed an effective tool to engage with customers and in the same time to reduce cost, it shows that companies with a functional and regularly updated website attracts more customers and also provide more customer service, this is in line with the finding stated by Mr Issa Baluch saying that companies that are succeeding must have their hand on their website because this is the face of the company and then build on it This suggest that shipping companies which takes the step of digital have better responses to his customer , if they have an updated website in order to answer in the best way the need of the customer. Through our research, weve noticed that regarding the shipping maritime industry in Mozambique or in general, we have two types of company The one with an open minded philosophy and vision that embraces new technology such as digital marketing, learn how to use, and mastering it in order to perform well and make the most from it, make profits, have more visibility and brand awareness The second type which is a shipping company that think that invest in such strategies is worthless for the reasons quoted earlier ( fear, passive attitude etc) and would still survive the year despite the technological loss and potential that they can use in order to be so much more efficient and face the competition with more accuracy and efficiency. Propositions Companies can benefit from digital marketing in general however our research is focused on the shipping industry , and that complicates thing because according to our finding companies can survive without having to use and implement digital marketing in their strategy. The environment of the maritime industry allows companies with a portfolio of customer to be able to succeed without relying on other technology thats the reason why maritime industry is considered as a low technology sector compared to other sectors such as automotive. Thats why the subject was interesting to pursue, as reported by Efthimios P, Konstantinos P Lawrence D (2011) they stated that they explore the impact that the digital networked environment is having on the traditional service-based industry of freight shipping within global supply chains Although our data seems to fit to this particular subject however we have some propositions regarding the matter , we think that digital marketing would be beneficial for maritime shipping companies, especially to small one that need visibility in this volatile environment dominated by the big firms. I would be profitable for a company to implement digital marketing in his strategy, in order to profit to the digital tools that lead companies to communicate at all levels, because of the nature of his environment, shipping industry is highly competitive so digital marketing could be an alternative to grasp some markets parts especially in Mozambique where the big firms have the most of the market share and the small one have to share the remaining left. Social media should be better considered by maritime companies in Mozambique because when its mastered as the example of Maersk, it can bring several opportunities, however when misused or when a company doesnt know to used it, it could jeopardize the image of a brand or a company, that could fatal for a sector so competitive; thats why it should not be taken for granted otherwise the consequences could be bad and in the same time, a company could miss several opportunities to be more competitive. Countries such as Mozambique shows an increase level of technology use, via the spreading of smartphones and the development of online structure such as ecommerce and online payment, digital marketing would be a huge help to capitalize on those factors and could open the road to the use of other tools of the digital marketing such as the search engine media. According to our findings It would advantageous for maritime shipping industry to considered the use of email marketing as a way to communicate and engage with customer , they could add this tool to the social media to reach a bigger audience while staying professional. Limitations To give out a robust work on this domain, it would be useful to carry out a large study scale with more Mozambican companies, the real issue was since everything (survey and questionnaires) was made online , people tend to not answer to surveys , we could use more of people answering directly of survey questionnaire allowing us to gather more data We could also added to that, a case study related to the subject in order to compare between two different time, the time where the case study was published against a new recollection of data for the same area and the same subject We could also regret the lack of studies or essays regarding the digital marketing for the maritime shipping in Mozambique or Africa in general, most Africans countries can encounters the same issue and face the same challenges, so it could be an interesting way to improve thing for future generations. Given the importance of maritime shipping industry and also as the backbone of the commerce of some countries especially in Africa, the main implication from a research point of view is that further and more advanced investigations could be done in this field for Africa or a specific country in order to show that shipping companies can benefit from the use of digital marketing and can improve his visibility , and also can attract and retain customer even for this field , those facts can be applied to other fields as well.

We All Have the Right To Life! :: abortion argumentative persuasive argument

We All Have the Right To Life! Life is a right held by all creatures on the universe, everything has life; however, everything also has it's own character or individuality. Every person is his or her own self and does what he or she wishes to do to a certain extent. Many people are opposed to an individuals decision on life they should realize that in America people have the freedom to do what they want. In Roman times, abortion ans the destruction of unwanted children was permissible, however civilization's aged and now there is a huge controversy about who chooses. In the 1970's the Roe v. Wade was tried in the U.S. Supreme Court. 'Jane Roe' took the District Attorney of Dallas county to the Supreme Court because she wanted an abortion and was not legally permitted to have one where she lived. She could not afford to travel elsewhere to have it "preformed" so she went to court. On January 22, 1973 the Supreme Court said that it was legal for any woman to have an abortion and terminate her pregnancy at any given time. The Roman Catholic Church has said that abortion is murder and violates all terms of human morality. My personal opinion lays between that of the Roman Catholic Church and the Supreme Court. I believe that a woman should have the right to an abortion only if she was raped and can not afford to have the child, or if she does not know who the father is. If the woman just want's to have an abortion for no reason, believes that the baby will be born with a handicap, or will be born with a disease, life threatening or not the abortion should not be permitted to take place. Within the past year President Clinton has vetoed a bill that will outlaw "partial birth abortions," I strongly oppose his decision and believe that he should have outlawed them. In New Jersey, there is an assemblywoman writing a bill that would outlaw them in New Jersey and fine each party involved twenty-five thousand dollars. Assisted suicide has also been a controversial topic concerning the right to life. I believe that everyone should come to accept the fact that people have

Compare and Contrast Television Essay

There are so many TV’s to choose from now days it is so hard to pick the right one. Maybe this guide will help you out. The first color TV was introduced into the world in the year of 1966. It has taken 25 yrs for a mass acceptance. In today’s society majority of the homes have the up to date television. The newer versions of TV’S are a better choice to make when picking out a TV. Here are list of some web sites for you to look at before buying any TV’s. http://shop. panasonic. com, www. bestbuy. com, www. rca. com. Television sets in the early nineties were pretty cool then even though a TV had a price tag of: $750 for a 1997 28 inch Samsung. The graphic was ok but still needed so much work on it to make it clearer. The other thing about the TV’s back then is it’s bulky and not to mention heavy. There are great advantages to having a TV in the 90’s. You can hook up RCA jacks to use a DVD player or video games. People in the 90’s gave someone a new TV for a gift for Christmas or birthday or even a graduation present. In the year of 2012 there are so many ways to see the world of televisions. One of the ways is through the TV set of Panasonic VIERA HDTV. One plus is that they have a new sleek and thin look to them not to mention the price tag of more or less than $2,999. 99. New up to date Graphics are so exciting. There are taking the original 2D and turning it into 3D eye popping full high definition. Smart phones in the last 5 years and now for the year of 2012 there is a smart TV out there called : SMART VIERA ® 55†³ Class WT50 Series Full HD 3D LED HDTV (54. 6†³ Diag. ). These TV’s still have some of the basics that are on TV. You can still plug RCA jacks and also hook up cables for game playing. You can also give these TV’s as Christmas, birthday, wedding, or even a graduation present. Knowing these facts about televisions you should have enough confidence to go out and buy a new TV. Even go to a goodwill store and get a good used TV there. If you were to go out and buy a new one you should get a newer model like the new 2012 models so you can get the most up to date technology. With the older TV’s being obsolete due to the technology in the year 2012. The pawn shops don’t even take them . with them being older than the year 2001. TV’s are like cars they are always changing over a year’s time. There are so many TV’s to choose from now days it is so hard to pick the right one. You just have to keep looking for the right information for your own needs not everyone has the same needs that is also why there is so many models of TV’S. The way the technology is increasing and moving forward in this short amount of time make you wonder how the next 20 years of technology is going towards.

Oh, this banana! essays

Oh, this banana! essays Many things are unknown about banana for both the sellers and consumers. Banana is not a palm fruit. It is a grass that reaches 15 meters. The name itself means a finger in Arabian language. You will be much more surprised to learn that only with bats help one can pick it. Banana is from the family of berries. Even 28% beer is made from banana. Wild banana has seeds. People in some developing countries prefer its bulb rather than the fruit itself. As for the cork, it is used as a smoking saSualeba banana cork is stronger than black cigarette. On Philippines, banana does not have any use but cardboard. There are more than 400 kinds of bananas in the whole world, and only  ¼ of it is eatable. In Georgia people eat yellowish bananas, although there are pink and black eatable bananas. It is better to eat smaller bananas. Then why is one type of bananas tasty, others bitter? It is important how bananas are ripened. It must be green while transporting it. But it is not all. Green bananas are ripened in special containers of air, which is not harmful for health. If the temperature is no more than 1800C and is becoming one degree less day by day, the fruit is very tasty and sweet. But the banana ripened in natural conditions is much tastier than the above-mentioned one. Bananas with thin layers are also very tasty, but very uncomfortable for transportation. Plantain kind of bananas is eaten fried in Latin America and Africa. This fruit is starchy, thats why it is eaten fried. Raw banana is a remedy for lower (drop) temperature. Plantain banana is bigger than the ordinary one, and ripe Plantain has black color instead of yellow. It is boiled, fried, dried and, like potato, even chips are made from it. ...

Pochteca - Elite Long Distance Traders of Mesoamerica

Pochteca - Elite Long Distance Traders of Mesoamerica The Pochteca (pronounced pohsh-TAY-kah) were long-distance, professional Aztec merchants and traders who provided the Aztec capital Tenochtitlan and other major Aztec city-states with luxury and exotic items from faraway lands. The pochteca also worked as information agents for the Aztec empire, keeping tabs on their far-flung client states and uneasy neighbors such as Tlaxcallan. Long Distance Trade in Mesoamerica The Aztec pochteca were not the only merchants in Mesoamerica: there were many regional-based commercial actors who distributed fish, maize, chile and cotton; their activities provided the backbone of the economic society in the regions. The pochteca were a special guild of these merchants, based in the valley of Mexico, who traded in exotic goods throughout Mesoamerica and acted as a social and economic connection between the various regions. They interacted with the regional merchants, who in turn acted as middlemen for the pochtecas wider networks. Pochteca is sometimes used as a generic word for all Mesoamerican long-distance traders; but the word is a Nahua (Aztec) word, and we know much more about the Aztec pochteca because we have written recordsthe codexessupporting their history. Long distance trade began in Mesoamerica at least as long ago as the Formative period (2500-900 BC), in societies such as the Olmec; and the classic period Maya. Long distance traders in Maya communities were called ppolom; compared to the Aztec pochteca, the ppolom were loosely confederated and did not join guilds. Pochteca Social Organization The pochteca held a special status in Aztec society. They were not nobles, but their position was higher than any other non-noble person. They were organized into guilds and lived in their own neighborhoods in the capital cities. The guilds were restricted, highly controlled and hereditary. They kept their trade secrets about routes, exotic goods sources and connections across the region restricted to the guild membership. Only a few cities in the Aztec empire could claim to have a leader of a pochteca guild in residence. The pochteca had special ceremonies, laws and their own god, Yacatecuhtli (pronounced ya-ka-tay-coo-tli), who was the patron of commerce. Even if their position provided them with wealth and prestige, the Pochteca were not allowed to show it in public, in order not to offend the nobles. However, they could invest their wealth in the ceremonies for their patron god, organizing rich feasts and carrying out sophisticated rituals. Evidence of the effects of long distance trade by pochteca is found at Paquime (Casas Grandes) in Northern Mexico, where trade in exotic birds such as scarlet macaws  and quetzal birds, marine shell and polychrome pottery was based, and extended into societies of New Mexico and Arizona. Scholars such as Jacob van Etten have suggested the pochteca traders are responsible for the diversity of precolumbian maize, transporting seeds throughout the region. The Pochteca and the Aztec Empire The pochteca had the freedom to travel all over the empire even in lands not subjected to the Mexica emperor. That put them in a terrific position to work as spies or informants for the Aztec state. This also meant that political elites deeply mistrusted the pochteca, who wielded their economic prowess to establish and guard their trade routes and secrets. In order to obtain precious and exotic items such as jaguar pelts, jade, quetzal plumes, cocoa, and metals, pochteca had special permission to travel across foreign lands and were often escorted by armies along with servants and carriers. They were also trained as warriors since they often suffered attacks from the population who saw in the Pochteca another aspect of the yoke of the Aztec empire. Sources This glossary entry is a part of the About.com guide to the Aztec Civilization and the Dictionary of Archaeology. Berdan FF. 1980. Aztec Merchants and Markets: Local-Level Economic Activity in a Non-Industrial Empire. Mexicon 2(3):37-41. Drennan RD. 1984. Long-distance movement of goods in the Mesoamerican formative and classic. American Antiquity 49(1):27-43. Grimstead DN, Pailes MC, Dungan KA, Dettman DL, Tagà ¼eà ±a NM, and Clark AE. 2013. Identifying the origin of southwestern shell: a geochemical application to Mogollon Rim archaeomolluscs. American Antiquity 78(4):640-661. Malville NJ. 2001. Long distance transport of bulk goods in the pre-hispanic American southwest. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 20(2):230-443. Oka R, and Kusimba CM. 2008. The Archaeology of Trading Systems, Part 1: Towards a New Trade Synthesis. Journal of Archaeological Research 16(4):339-395. Somerville AD, Nelson BA, and Knudson KJ. 2010. Isotopic investigation of pre-Hispanic macaw breeding in Northwest Mexico. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 29(1):125-135. van Etten J. 2006. Molding maize: the shaping of a crop diversity landscape in the western highlands of Guatemala. Journal of Historical Geography 32(4):689-711. Whalen M. 2013. Wealth, Status, Ritual, and Marine Shell at Casas Grandes, Chihuahua, Mexico. American Antiquity 78(4):624-639. Whalen ME, and Minnis PE. 2003. The Local and the Distant in the Origin of Casas Grandes, Chichuahua, Mexico. American Antiquity 68(2):314-332. White NM, and Weinstein RA. 2008. The Mexican Connection and the Far West of the U.S. Southeast. American Antiquity 73(2):227-278. Updated by K. Kris Hirst